Acknowledgments

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS

Washington, D.C. 1983

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropiate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.

The Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) of the Office of International Affairs addresses a range of issues arising from the ways in which science and technology in developing countries can stimulate and complement the complex processes of social and economic development. It oversees a broad program of bilateral workshops with scientific organizations in developing countries and conducts special studies. BOSTID's Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation publishes topical reviews of technical processes and biological resources of potential importance to developing countries.

This report has been prepared by an ad hoc advisory panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. Program costs for the study were provided by the Office of Technical Resources, Bureau for Asia, Agency for International Development, under Grant No. ASB-0249-SS-00-1026-00 and the Office of the Science Advisor, Agency for International Development, under Grant No. DAN/ 5538-G-SS-1023-00.

Funding for this printing was provided by the Office of Agriculture, Bureau for Science and Technology, Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., under Grant No. DAN 1406-G-SS-4001-00.

First Printing, June 1983

Second Printing, July 1984

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-061909

 

Participants in the Study

HUGH POPENOE, Director, International Programs in Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA, Chairman

Contributors

AMBAR ROESYAT, Research Institute for Animal Husbandry, Bogor, Indonesia

1. B. ARKA, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

J. S. F. BARKER, Professor of Animal Sciences and Head of Department, The University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

KURT BENIRSCHKE, Research Department, San Diego Zoological Garden, San Diego, California, USA

BEN BERESKIN, Research Geneticist, Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Animal Science Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

RALEIGH A. BLOUCH, World Wildlife Fund, Bogor, Indonesia

W. BONGERS, Nature Conservation Department, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

I. BONNEMAIRE, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Sciences Agronomiques Appliquees, Dijon, France

A. A. BOSMA, Vakgroep Funktionele Morfologie, Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, The Netherlands

D. BUTCHER, Assistant Director, Western Plains Zoo, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

G. S. CHILD, Wildlife and Parks Management Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy

W. ROSS COCKRILL, International Animal Consultant, Almansil, Algarve, Portugal

PAUL CONRY, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, Department of Agriculture, Guam

HAROLD J. COOLIDGE, Former President, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Beverly, Massachusetts, USA

W. P. CROWCROFT, General Director, Metropolitan Zoo, Toronto, Canada

TONY J. CUNHA, Dean Emeritus, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA

D. DEPPNER, Tropical Livestock Consultant, Washington, D.C., USA

C. DEVENDRA, Head, Feed Resources and Animal Nutrition Branch, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Selangor, Malaysia

J. M. DOLAN, San Diego Zoological Garden, San Diego, California, USA DUKUT SULARSASA, Department of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

H. EPSTEIN, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Israel (retired)

T. FINNIE, Taronga Zoo, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia

H. FISCHER, Director, Institute of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, JustusLiebig-Universitat, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany

IAN FLETCHER, Project for Animal Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia

ANNIE P. GRAY, Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Edinburgh, Scotland (retired)

R. B. GRIFFITHS, Director, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy

1. R. GRiMWOOD, Nairobi, Kenya

COLIN P. GROVES, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia

ULRICH HALDER, Swiss League for Nature Conservation, Basel, Switzerland

CHARLES G. HICKMAN, Livestock Consultant, A. Mithat Efendi Sokak No. 36/11, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey

D. HOFFMAN, Veterinarian, Project for Animal Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia

J. H. G. HOLMES, Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

H. HUITEMA, Veterinarian, Osterbeek, The Netherlands

J. H. HUTASOIT, Director-General, Livestock Services, Jakarta, Indonesia

BENT JORGENSEN, Director, Copenhagen Zoo, Copenhagen, Denmark

NAT KlEFFER, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

F. WAYNE KING, Director and Professor, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

GRAHAM W. M. KIRBY, Principal Animal Production Officer, Department of Primary Production, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

HEINZ-GEORG KLOS, Director, Zoologischer Garten, Berlin, West Germany

KUSMAT TANUDIMADJA, Professor of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia

JOHN K. LOOSLI, Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

JOHN A. LUKAS, White Oak Plantation, Yulee, Florida, USA

A. A. MACDONALD, Vakgroep Funktionele Morfologie, Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, The Netherlands

JOHN MACKINNON, Representative, World Wildlife Fund, Bogor, Indonesia

ROBERT E. McDOWELL, Professor, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

JEFFREY A. McNEELY, Executive Officer, Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland

ADRIAN G. MARSHALL, Honorary Secretary, Institute of South-east Asian Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland

[AN L. MASON, Animal Breeding Consultant, Edinburgh, Scotland

GEERT MONTSMA, Vakgroepen Veefokkerij, Veehouderij, Tropische Veehouderij, Wageningen, The Netherlands

J. B. MORAN, Senior Research Officer, Animal and Irrigated Pastures Research Institute, Kyabram, Victoria, Australia

ROBERT H. MILLER, Chief, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

JAN NARI, Director, Central Research Institute for Animal Science, Bogor, Indonesia

HARVEY NEESE, President, Agri-Food Systems International, Inc., Troy, Idaho, USA

I. M. NITIS, Department of Animal Nutrition and Tropical Pasture Production, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

WILLIAM L. R. OLIVER, Chairman, lUCN/SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group, Jersey, Channel Islands, United Kingdom

JOHN PAYNE, Wildlife Section, Forest Department, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia

W.J.A. PAYNE, Tropical Animal Breeding Consultant, London, England

RALPH W. PHILLIPS, Arlington, Virginia, USA

DONALD L. PLUCKNETT, Scientific Advisor, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Washington, D.C., USA

DAVID W. ROBINSON, Associate Dean, International Programs, University of California, Davis, California, USA

PATRICK J. ROBINSON, Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England

D. H. L. ROLLINSON, Animal Production Officer, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

CLIVE ROOTS, Director, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

J. A. SAYER, Nature Conservation and National Parks Project, FAO, Rangoon, Burma

R. E. SATTER, Nature Conservation and National Parks Project, FAO, Rangoon, Burma

GEORCE B. SCHALLER, New York Zoological Society, New York, New York, USA

JOHN SCHOTTLER, Principal Animal Production Officer, Department of Primary Industry, Lae, Papua New Guinea

GEORGE SEIFERT, CSIRO, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia

ROGER V. SHORT, Professor of Reproductive Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

C. C. SINHA, Outdoor Recreation and Wildlife Research Division, Forest Research Institute, College, Laguna, Philippines

FREDERICK J. SIMOONS, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Davis, USA

C. D. SIMPSON, Senior Extension Specialist, Department of Agricultural, Technical and Extension Services, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

P. SITORUS, Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia

A. J. SMITH, Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

D. J. STOLP-DIEPEVEEN, Department of Tropical Animal Production, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

SUBANDRlYO, Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia

W. SUMADI, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

L. M. TALBOT, World Wildlife Fund International, Gland, Switzerland

WARREN D. THOMAS, Director, Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, California, USA

J. L. THROP, Director, Taronga Zoo, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia

ALLEN D. TILLMAN, Private Consultant in Animal Production, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA

DONALD G. TULLOCH, Division of Wildlife Research, CSIRO, Winnellie, Northern Territory, Australia

HELEN NEWTON TURNER, Genetics Research Laboratories, CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia

B. VAN PUIJENBROECK, Curator of Mammals, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

E. J. WARWICK, Visiting Professor, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

WARTOMO HARDJOSUBROTO, Lecturer in Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

R. H. WHARTON, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO, Long Pocket Laboratories, Brisbane, Australia

J. L. WHEELER, Project Manager, Project for Animal Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia

M.H. WOODFORD, Wildlife Veterinarian, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy

B.A.YOUNG, Department of Animal Science, the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

M.ZULBARDI, Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia

NOEL D. VIETMEYER, Professional Associate, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Asian Animals Study Director

National Research Council Staff

F. R. RUSKIN, BOSTID Editor

MARY JANE ENGQUIST, Staff Associate

CONSTANCE RECKS, Administrative Secretary

 

It is high time that the world was made aware of the valuable, large ruminant genetic resources of Southeast Asia.

J. B. MORAN Livestock Specialist Animal and Irrigated Pastures Research Institute Kyabram, Victoria, Australia

Without utilization preservation is doomed to failure. Local breeds able to perform well in difficult habitats, such as in sparse vegetation, mountainous terrain, or the tropics, should be used for their agricultural potential. Breeds that demonstrate hybrid vigor on crossing with improved or exotic breeds also merit utilization. Genetically unique breeds should be retained for scientific studies of genetics, evolution, and biochemistry. And aesthetically attractive and historically important breeds should be maintained in parks and preserves for their educational and cultural values.

I. L. MASON Animal Breeding Consultant Edinburgh. Scotland

YAK